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Partly consolidated lower Miocene to Quaternary hemipelagic muds recovered at Sites 496 and 497 contain abundant, vertical to subvertical veins that are generally less than 2 mm thick and are spaced from one to several millimeters apart. Veins are parallel, planar to curviplanar structural discontinuities (restricted to subhorizontal zones), which appear on the faces of cut cores as dark linear, curved, or sigmoidal traces. Vein fillings are mineralogically and texturally similar to surrounding matrix, but very fine-grained platy phyllosilicates within are preferentially oriented parallel to vein boundaries. Veins are interpreted as water-escape conduits that are geometrically analogous to extension fractures. They formed as horizontal confining pressure was preferentially relaxed in one direction, allowing water from interbedded, unconsolidated sandier layers to escape upward. Deformation, which imparted a penetrative foliation to muds, may have occurred in response to modest gravity-driven downslope extension of part of the blanket of sediments on the upper slope of the Middle America Trench.

Origin of "Vein Structure" in Slope Sediments on the Inner Slope of the Middle America Trench off Guatemala