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Alkali series and tholeiitic basalts from öjin, Nintoku, and Suiko Seamounts of the Emperor Seamount chain are very similar in their major and LIL (large-ion lithophile) trace-element chemistry to the alkaline and tholeiitic basalts erupted on the island of Hawaii. They are characterized by high total content of alkalis, high TiO2 and "FeO" contents, low A12O3 contents, and low Mg/(Mg + Fe ) relative to mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs). LIL element abundances in one tholeiite from öjin Seamount are enriched by factors of 5 to 10 relative to MORBs. REE (rare-earth element) patterns in all the samples are highly fractionated; the heavy rare-earth elements (HREE) are depleted markedly. This is consistent with residual garnet in the source regions. LIL element variations among the seamount basalts suggest variable degrees of partial melting. Olivine fractionation, presumably in a shallow magma chamber, accounts for some of the intrasite major-element compositional variations. There are between the seamount basalts and those from the island of Hawaii no systematic differences that might be attributed to the temporal evolution of a single hot-spot source.

Major- and Trace-Element Geochemistry of Basalts from ťjin, Nintoku, and Suiko Seamounts of the Emperor Seamount Chain: DSDP-IPOD Leg 55