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Basalts recovered from Hole 417A, Leg 51, show a high degree of leaching of Mg, Ca, and Na, addition of K, hydration, and oxidation as a result of ocean-floor weathering. Basalts from Hole 417D are relatively fresh having slightly higher FeO*7MgO ratios (1.3 to 1.7), higher CaO content, and lower Siθ2, Na2θ, and K2O contents compared with abyssal basalts from the 25-37°N portion of the present Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Compositional gaps are found at 365 meters, 397 meters, and 491 meters sub-bottom in Hole 417D. A pillow basalt unit between 365 meters and 397 meters sub-bottom shows a progressive increase in size and content of plagioclase with depth and a progressive change in bulk AI2O3, MgO, and FeO* contents. These findings suggest gravitational fractionation in the magma reservoir. Aphyric zones with different composition, phase chemistry, and texture occur in the middle part of a pillowed lava, at a depth of 435 meters to 491 meters. Dike intrusion and auto-intrusion are possible models for this aphyric part.

Major Element Chemistry and Microprobe Studies of Basalts from Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 51, Site 417