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Lithologic repetition and deformation of the cored sediments indicate that DSDP Hole 415A penetrated a 450-meter Upper Cretaceous allochthonous unit with several imbricate repetitions of a Cenomanian shale-and-carbonate sequence above a décollement of Albian and Cenomanian shale. This unit is expressed on multichannel seismic profiles as an interval of chaotic interval signal. Its upper surface is deformed by folds which predate the overlying Tertiary turbidites. Some of these folds maintain a harmonic profile in the sequence beneath the allochthonous unit, whereas others are restricted to the top of the unit. Although some folds are asymmetric, we cannot recognize a consistent vergence. Profiles beneath the continental slope east of Site 415 indicate that the drilled sequence is only the distal portion of a much more widespread feature. The equivalent sequence beneath the lower slope is thcker and is cut by several major, landward-dipping thrust faults across which there is a minimum of 20 km of overthrusting. The thrusts have a north-south strike, as do the disharmonic folds within each individual thrust sheet. Both folds and faults are refolded by a series of east-west-trending folds parallel to the Atlas tectonic trend. The displaced unit is not present beneath the upper slope, where it passes laterally into a prominent angular unconformity. This zone represents the source area for the overthrust masses. Onshore geological evidence indicates the emergence of the western High Atlas Mountains during Late Cretaceous times, and the allochthon is interpreted as an associated belt of gravity-driven overthrusts refolded by the last phases of this tectonism. Its scale is comparable with that of some overthrust zones in orogenic chains, and its existence on a passive margin may be important to the interpretation of exposed nappe complexes. Uplift of the western Atlas, gravity sliding, folding of the allochthon, and the onset of Canary Islands volcanism can be explained by sinistral strike-slip faulting along the South Atlas fault during Late Cretaceous time.

Gravity Tectonics on a Passive Margin: Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 415 in Relation to Regional Seismic Data