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Meteor Cores 12309-2 and -3 preserve a detailed oxygen-isotope record of the late Pleistocene as penetrated at DSDP Site 397. A 9.4meter-thick sediment section was analyzed in detail for foraminiferal and sedimentary components. Fluctuations and stratigraphic evidence of both benthic and planktonic foraminifers follow the surface-water oxygen-isotope curve, which served to calibrate the benthic foraminiferal record of the deep-water hydrographic evolution. The Stage 2/3 boundary was dated at approximately 24,000 yr B.P. The various stratigraphic curves resolve secondary climatic phases within oxygen-isotope Stages 1 and 2 (e.g., three cold pulses). The oscillations have a duration of 2000 to 4500 years (i.e., 25 to 60 cm sediment thickness), and are also clearly evidenced in other continental-margin environments. Sedimentation rates of 7 to 9 cm/1000 years during warm and 15 to 20 cm/1000 years during cold stages, were calculated. Some increases of polar and sub-polar planktonic foraminifers Globigerina bulloides and G. pachyderma (upper Stage 3 and early Stage 1) do not correspond to the oxygen-isotopic curve, but parallel uncommon maxima of the number and species composition of benthic foraminifers as well as of the biogenic-opal fraction. These features are related to upwelling pulses. Calibration of the marine sedimentary record against well-dated evidence of continental climate evolution reveals a massive eoliandust supply, extreme aridity, and stronger winds during the cold Stages 2, 4, and ?6. These are opposed to low dust input and increased wetness during the warm Stages 1,3, and 5a, when stained quartz dust might indicate the formation and erosion of red soils. A continuous downslope transport of sediment occurs; based on an abundance of displaced shallow-water foraminifers in the finesand fraction. Such transport may be responsible for up to one-third of the Neogene sedimentation at DSDP Site 397.

Meteor Cores 12309: Late Pleistocene Reference Section for Interpretation of the Neogene of Site 397