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Oxygen and carbon isotopic analyses of Globigerinoides and mixed benthic species from 34 samples at Site 372, covering an interval from the lower Miocene (middle Burdigalian, Zone N5/6) to the upper Miocene (pre-Messinian epoch) indicate that the isotopic composition of the Mediterranean waters was already different from the mondial mean (according to the evaluations made by Shackleton and Kennett, 1975 a,b); the hydrologic balance of the Mediterranean might have corresponded to a significantly modified evaporation-precipitation pattern. An average increase of 0.9%o in the δ w a t e r when passing from the lower Miocene to the upper Serravallian might be interpreted either in terms of glacially induced isotopic changes on a worldwide scale, or as a consequence of minor salinity crises occurring well before the major crisis of the Messinian; the latter seems to have induced a strong increase of more than 3%o in the oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera; such increase also correlates with the major advance of the Antarctic ice cap at about -6 m.y. Most probably, salinity crises, superimposed on the general evolution of the mean ocean δ induced the particular evolution of the oxygen isotopic composition of Mediterranean waters during the middle and late Miocene. Oxygen and carbon isotopic analyses of Globigerinoides obliquus from the G. margaritae Zone in the Lower Pliocene from Sites 374 and 375 are compared with analyses on the same levels from Site 134 (DSDP Leg 13); they show that there was a difference of about 1 °/o o between the isotopic composition of the waters of the eastern and western basins and that the eastern basin was the more diluted.

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Miocene and Pliocene Oxygen and Carbon Isotopic Changes at DSDP Sites 372, 374, and 375. Implications for the Pre-Messinian History of the Mediterranean