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Relatively rich marine playnomorph assemblages, consisting of dinocysts and acritarchs, occur in the majority of the 35 Cretaceous cores investigated from Site 361. The Early Cretaceous, Cores 48 to 27, is considered to be of Aptian age with the early-late Aptian boundary lying between Samples 33-3, 117-118 cm and 32-2, 117119 cm. The Aptian dinocyst assemblage is comparable to that found in Australia and Europe. The Late Cretaceous, Cores 24 to 13, is more difficult to date because of the poor similarity of the assemblages with those from Europe; they are more comparable to the Australian assemblages where, unfortunately, the precise stratigraphic ranges of species are mainly unknown. Cenomanian was not identified and the succession begins in the Turonian. The top of the Turonian is tentatively drawn above Core 21 and the remainder of the Cretaceous sequence is assigned a Senonian-early Maestrichtian age. Normal marine conditions prevailed in the photic zone during the deposition of the above sediments; however, during most of the Aptian and Turonian, bottom conditions appear to have been anaerobic. During the Aptian, in particular, run-off from the surrounding landmasses was great and considerable amounts of terrestrially derived organic matter were transported to the site of deposition resulting in the accumulation of organically rich sediments; sapropel is abundant and, in this case, is probably land derived. Systematics are kept to a minimum and only four new taxa are proposed—Australisphaera gen. nov.; A. verrucosa sp. nov., Aiora perforare sp. nov., and Cyclonephelium distinctum subsp. longispinatum subsp. nov.

Marine Cretaceous Palynology of Site 361, DSDP Leg 40, Off Southwestern Africa