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Basal sediments, basalts, and porcelanites at Sites 322 and 323, Leg 35, Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain, were studied by a petrographic microscope, X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe, and scanning electron microscope with an X-ray energy-dispersive attachment. Volcanic contribution to the lowermost few meters of the basal sediments is greater at Site 322 than at Site 323. The main diagenetic phase of the basal sediments at Site 322 is smectite. The main diagenetic phases at Site 323 are smectite with Fe/Al ratio of about 0.5 and clinoptilolite with Si/Al ratio of about 4.7. Amorphous material, smectite with Fe/Al ratio of about 1.7, and phillipsite with Si/Al ratio of about 2.6 are the diagenetic products of basalt weathering at Site 322. Instead, at Site 323 veins of celadonite, goethite, and calcite with 0.73% Mn predominate. A possible hydrothermal origin is suggested for the Site 323 assemblage. The chemistry of smectites reflects the composition of their precursor(s). Dissolution of biogenic silica contributed most of the silica for the porcelanite beds at 400-460 meters, Site 323. Small amounts of authigenic K-feldspar were identified in one of the porcelanite beds.

Diagenesis of Basal Sediments and Basalts of Sites 322 and 323, Leg 35, Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain