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The submarine geology of the eastern Coral Sea and New Hebrides Basins in the southwest Pacific is characterized by complex bathymetry, comprising numerous geomorphological and structural features related to the tectonic setting of the region near the margin of the India plate. Most of the main structural features of the region appear to be of Eocene age. Miocene and younger sediments in the eastern Coral Sea are turbidity current deposits on the Coral Sea Abyssal Plain and pelagic biogenic sediments and abyssal clays in other parts of the basin. Eocene and Oligocene sediments are probably biogenic oozes. The oldest sediments of the New Hebrides Basin are mid Eocene to Oligocene biogenic sediments and Miocene abyssal clays. Elevation of various ridges later in the history of the region and the approach of the New Hebrides Ridge have been responsible for the shedding of elastics into the basin. The major physiographic features of the region are the Louisiade Rise in the eastern Coral Sea, the Rennell Island and East Rennell Island ridges between the Coral Sea and the New Hebrides Basin, the Rennell Trough on the southeast side of the Rennell Island Ridge, and the d'Entrecasteaux Fracture Zone in the New Hebrides Basin. The nature and age of some of these features are ambiguous. The Louisiade Rise is cut by a fracture system. The rise may be either submerged continental crust or an old spreading ridge in which the crust was thickened during decreased spreading associated with its demise as an active feature. The fracture zone is probably a transform fault (system) related to the opening of the Coral Sea. The Rennell Island and East Rennell Island ridges may be fragments of the Mesozoic fold belt that margins much of eastern Gondwanaland, or they may be in part or entirely built of island arc volcanics related to the opening of the Coral Sea. The Rennell Fracture Zone may have been formed during the Coral Sea-New Hebrides Basin development as a transform fault between them, or it could have resulted from the relocation of the India-Pacific plate boundary that formed in the early Oligocene after obduction took place in New Caledonia.

Aspects of the Geology of the Eastern Coral Sea and the Western New Hebrides Basin