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Prior to DSDP Leg 17, no sites drilled in the central Pacific had continuously cored a thick section of pelagic brown clay. On Leg 6 several sites were drilled through brown clay, but poor recovery due to drilling difficulties, widely spaced cores, and a generally thin sediment cover over much of the area all contributed to a very limited amount of clay available for study. However, a preliminary attempt was made (Pimm, 1971) to identify the origins of the clay by examining the trace element and X-ray diffraction data. On Leg 17 Site 164 situated at 13°12.14'N, 161°30.98'W in a water depth of 5499 meters had a relatively thick brown clay section which was almost continuously cored (see Site Report) over a total length of about 250 meters. Unfortunately, once again drilling difficulties in chert-bearing clays contributed to a low recovery (30%) and badly disturbed clay material. The shipboard party recognized two main lithologic units in the clay section as follows: Unit 1: Zeolitic brown clay with abundant Radiolaria and radiolarian ooze with some porcelanitic chert in the lower part of the section—Cores 1 to 6, interval 28 to 84 meters, ranging in age from Miocene to early Eocene. Unit 2: Zeolitic brown clay and chert—Cores 7 to 26, interval 84 to 256 meters, ranging in age from late Cretaceous to early Cretaceous (Barremian to Albian). Three other sites (168, 169, 170) drilled on Leg 17 recovered only a few cores each of brown clay, and all had an extremely low percentage recovery.

Trace Element Determinations Compared with X-Ray Diffraction Results of Brown Clay in the Central Pacific