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Theranostic strategies involve select radionuclides that allow diagnostic imaging and tailored radionuclide therapy in the same patient. An example of a Food and Drug Administration-approved theranostic pair is the 68 Ga- and 177 Lu-labeled DOTATATE peptides, which are used to image neuroendocrine tumors, predict treatment response, and treat disease. However, when using radionuclides of 2 different elements, differences in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of the agent can occur. Theranostic agents that incorporate the matched-pair radionuclides of scandium- 43 Sc/ 47 Sc or 44 Sc/ 47 Sc-would guarantee identical chemistries and pharmacologic profiles. The aim of this study was to investigate production of 43,44,47 Sc via proton-induced nuclear reactions on titanium nuclei using a 24-MeV cyclotron. Methods: Aluminum, niobium, and tantalum target holders were used with titanium foils and pressed TiO 2 to produce scandium radionuclides with proton energies of up to 24 MeV. Irradiated targets were digested using NH 4 HF 2 and HCl in a closed perfluoroalkoxy alkane vessel in 90 min. Scandium radionuclides were purified via ion-exchange chromatography using branched N,N,N',N' -tetra-2-ethylhexyldiglycolamide. The titanium target material was recovered via alkali precipitation with ammonia solution. Results: Titanium foil and TiO 2 were digested with an average efficiency of 98% ± 3% and 95% ± 1%, respectively. The typical digestion time was 45 min for titanium foil and 75 min for TiO 2 The average scandium recovery was 94% ± 3%, and the average titanium recoveries from digested titanium foil and TiO 2 after precipitation as TiO 2 were 108% ± 8% and 104% ± 5% of initial mass, respectively. Conclusion: This work demonstrated a robust method for the cyclotron production of scandium radionuclides that could be used with natural or enriched TiO 2 target material.

Cyclotron Production and Separation of Scandium Radionuclides from Natural Titanium Metal and Titanium Dioxide Targets