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A program of cancer prevention, which aimed at identifying and minimizing human exposure to hazardous chemicals, requires the development of a rapid inexpensive screening assay as a complement to expensive long-term animal tests. Among thousands of hazardous chemicals to which humans are exposed, very few have been tested for genotoxicity. This report presents 255 chemicals (mutagens, non-mutagens, etc.) of a wide variety of chemical types which have been tested for genotoxicity, both in the Salmonella microsome test (Ames test) and in 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-Gua) assay, in order to detect carcinogens. Of the 255 chemicals tested, 83 chemicals (32.5%) were mutagenic in S. Typhimurium YG1041, YG1042, YG3003 and/or YG7108 strain, and 21 chemicals (8.2%) formed 8-OH-Gua in the rat hepatocytes oxidized DNA. These results may demonstrate the utility and limitation of both the Ames test and 8-OH-Gua assay in detecting chemicals likely to be toxic.

Genotoxicity of 255 chemicals in the Salmonella microsome test (Ames test) and 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-Gua) assay for the detection of carcinogens