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The Gulf of Maine fishery for northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) has been a dynamic one, with landings varying greatly in response to resource and market conditions. A directed winter fishery developed in coastal waters in the late 1930s, which expanded to an offshore year round fishery in the late 1960s when annual landings peaked at over 12,800 tons in 1969. Landings subsequently declined to very low levels as recruitment deteriorated and the stock collapsed, precipitating closure of the fishery in 1977. The resource recovered under restrictive management and was relatively stable at low to moderate levels of exploitation into the 1990s, with several strong year classes recruiting to the fishery. In the mid-1990s, landings and fishing mortality increased sharply and abundance and recruitment have again declined. Environmental conditions have played an important role in affecting survival and abundance, but fishing mortality has been the overriding factor since the late 1970s. Stock assessments have consistently shown that poor recruitment is more likely at low levels of spawning stock biomass owing to reduced total egg production. At a stock biomass level of 15-20,000 tons, sustainable yields are probably about 3-4,000 tons per year under environmental conditions normally found in the Gulf of Maine.

The Gulf of Maine Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis) Fishery: A Review of the Record