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Aim: Genital mycoplasmas are known as sexually transmitted agents,causing mainly urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, spontaneousabortion, pyelonephritis, infertility, still birth, low birth weight,neonatal meningititis, and neonatal pneumonia. Mycoplasma infectionsnot only jeopardize fertility but also pose a risk for infertilitytreatment and resulting pregnancies. Diagnosis of genital mycoplasmainfections by bacterial conventional methods is very difficult. The aimof this study was to comparison of culture with polymerase chainreaction (PCR) for to determine the prevalence of Ureaplasmaurealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in the endocervical specimens frominfertile women. Methods: 312 endocervical swab samples were takenfrom infertile women, and transported with a mycoplasma transportmedia. The culture was done with liquid-solid method. DNA was extractedby Cadieux method, and analyzed by PCR protocol with species-specificprimers. Results: Genital mycoplasmas were detected in 35.5%(111/312) specimens by both culture and PCR methods.16%(50/312) sampleswere PCR positive as well as culture positive, 23%(72/312) werepositive only by PCR, and 2.8%(9/312) were positive only by culture.The sensitivity of 91.8% and 53% were found for PCR and culturerespectively. Of the 111 positive specimens, 59 (53%) were positiveonly for U. urealyticum, 29(26%) were positive only for M. hominis and23(20.7%) presented both organisms. Conclusion: Because of thepotential adverse effects of mycoplasmas on the success rate of highlyspecialized infertility treatment, and their causal roles in severalmaternal complications of pregnancy and in neonatal morbidity andmortality, the rapid detection of mycoplasmas by PCR in infertile womencould be important and necessary. The increased sensitivity and shortertime requirement of PCR support its further development for thediagnosis of mycoplasmas infections.

COMPARISON OF CULTURE WITH THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR DETECTION OF GENNITAL MYCOPLASMA