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Shoulder pain is a very common complaint in general medical practice. A study reported that one-third of the population suffers from shoulder symptoms during their lifetime and it is associated with a negative impact on both personal and national levels. Moreover, it decreases the quality of life due to personal suffering and subsequent economic impact on health care services. The resultant cost and work absence associated with shoulder pain are a social concern [1]. The incidence of shoulder pain in general medical practice increases with age and peaks at 45 to 64 years of age, however, various age groups experience shoulder pain. It depends on the subject’s work-related activities and recreational sports that involve upper extremity repetitive motion [2]. The condition ‘Scapular dyskinesis’ refers to changes of the normal static or dynamic position of the scapula and alteration of coupled scapulohumeral movements [3]. Scapular dyskinesis is not necessarily a pathological term, because it can be found not only in symptomatic shoulder regions but also in asymptomatic patients. It is suggested that scapular dyskinesia contributes more often in symptomatic shoulder pain and has been shown to be a predictive factor in developing other associated problems such as shoulder impingement and adhesive capsulitis [4]. The purpose of this article is to describe common musculoskeletal alteration of complex shoulder anatomy and biomechanics leading to pathomechanics and clinical characteristics of the scapular dyskinesia as well as explaining how to perform a precise musculoskeletal examination and how to apply conservative interventions that can be easily incorporated into the scope of physical therapist practice to achieve successful outcomes in scapular dyskinesis.

A trial of conservative care for restoring scapular dyskinesis: A clinical series