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The economist can claim to make an original contribution to the evaluation of actions undertaken in the health ield by the introduction of the issue of economic rationality in the decision-making process. Economic theory is, indeed, a theory of choices putting the results of alternative actions into relation with the means they require respectively. The objective sought is ef iciency, that is to say, the best ratio between the cost of the resources mobilized and the results obtained. Applied to the health ield, the economic approach is distinguished from both a medical approach to evaluation, such as “evidence-based medicine”, which favours the single criterion of effectiveness, and from an accounting or inancial approach which emphasizes the expenditures generated by health actions. The implementation of this problem of ef iciency requires the development and adaptation of economic calculation tools and generally takes the form of a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), cost-utility analysis (ACU) or cost-bene it analysis (CBA) which constitute the fundamental tools of the toolbox for the economic evaluation of health strategies. This economic approach to health decision-making is now widely used to inform the choices to be made in terms of resource allocation.

Pharmaco-economic study and cost of care for chronic diseases: Case of Haemophilia in Morocco