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The aim of this research was to determine the effects of thermal manipulations early and late embryogenesis on growth of tibia and femur bones of broilers. For control group eggs 37.5 o C and 55 % humidity were applied on the incubation during 19 days. Incubation temperature was increased to 41 o C and humidity to 65 % for 3 hours on the 8 th -10 th days of incubation during early embryogenesis. Similarly, incubation temperature was increased to 41 o C and humidity to 65 % for 3 hours on the 16 th -18 th days of incubation during late embryogenesis. Average tibia bone lengths were determined as 97.57 mm, 99.08 mm and 100.25 mm for control, early and late embryonic groups, respectively, and significant difference were determined between the average values. Also, male broilers (100.27 mm) have higher tibia bone length than females (97.66 mm). The differences between the groups in point of femur bone length was significant, and the highest femur bone length was in the late embryonic group (70.79 mm), the lowest femur bone length in the control (68.93 mm) group.

Effect of high thermal manipulations in early and late embryogenesis on growth of tibia and femur bones of broilers