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Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: April 12, 2018 July 02, 2018 July 03, 2018 September 04, 2018 Avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are systemic disease that is highly infectious with high morbidity and mortality rates, and highly detrimental to economic value in the domestic and commercial poultry industries. Generally, in the field there is a mixed infection of AIV and NDV, each of which is highly pathogenic. Clinical signs are difficult to distinguish, so immunopathological immunohistochemistry (IHC) double staining was developed with the ability to confirm the diagnosis of mixed infection. In the present study, 20 chickens infected naturally with clinical signs of torticollis and curled toe paralysis that had a mixture of AIV and NDV infections and there are variations of tropism distribution of AIV and NDV in tissues were used. The AIV and NDV were visualized by performing the double staining technique DAB and Fast-Red with monoclonal antibody anti-hemagglutinin AIV-mouse (AIVHA) and polyclonal antibody antihemagglutinin-neuraminidase NDV-rabbit (NDVHN) proteins. AIV infected-lungs or brains had red coloration (AIVHA) and NDV infected lungs or brains had brown coloration (NDVHN). The IHC double staining technique is sensitive and accurate in the confirmation of the diagnosis of a mixed infection to determine the difference between AIV and NDV. ©2018 PVJ. All rights reserved

pakistan veterinary journal

Detection of Mixed Infection of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Viruses in Chickens in Indonesia by Immunopathologic Immunohistochemistry Double Staining