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One of the main concerns in different countries is training young neurosurgeons to treat patients. Each country is dealing with this issue with a certain strategy considering its goals. Training physicians is far different from many other fields, as it cannot be accomplished in the library or by reading books. This fact becomes even more notable when it comes to the neurosurgery which requires meticulous surgical skills and knowledge. Training a capable neurosurgeon starts with the process of accepting, develops with residency education, and is solidified by a post-graduation training (e.g. fellowships) which will be reviewed briefly here. The traditional “concours” is the elementary way to select a resident. Relying solely on a single day exam – with its own limitations – might be the easiest but definitely not the best way to select a neurosurgery candidate. More advanced systems, interview individuals based on their academic background, exam results, personal communications, and recommendations. This allows the program directors to know the candidates in person, their goals, personalities, and ambitions. However, this requires organization and a dedicated system whose infra-structures may not be available in many countries. Education of neurosurgery residents is also variable among different countries and different centers in the same country. Cadaver labs are inseparable part of neurosurgical education in the US and are used for learning neurosurgical anatomy, skull base approaches, and spinal instrumentation. Many centers dedicate one entire year for research to educate young residents in different aspects of clinical and basic neurosurgical research. This is of paramount importance to train a generation of neurosurgeons capable of advancing the field of neurosurgery and world leaders of the future. Organizing local, national, and international workshops (e.g. presentations, or hands-on courses) and invited speakers are an important part of education to expose residents to a variety of methods and philosophies in practice. Though general neurosurgeons may still be needed in underor developing countries, subspecialty training is becoming more and more necessary in well-developed regions. This may be in the form of clinical hands-on fellowships in one to two years or working as a junior neurosurgeon under experienced professors to gain exposure over years. This

Training the Next Generation of Neurosurgeons in Developing Countries – Mission Possible