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Article Type Original Research Authors Fariba keramat, MD1, 2 Sima Sadat Ahmadinejad, MD3* Zahra Sanaei, PhD4 Ali Saadatmand, MSc1 How to cite this article keramat F., Ahmadinejad S.S., Sanaei Z., Saadatmand A., The Main Causes of Mortality in the Respiratory ICU and Infectious diseases Ward of Sina Hospital in Hamadan. Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology. 2020;6(2): 135-141 1 Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Sina Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. 3 General Practitioner, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. 4 Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. * Correspondence Address: Department of Infectious Diseases, Sina Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. simasadatahmadinejad@gmail.com Article History Received: March 15 ,2020 Accepted: May 15 ,2020 Published: June 10 ,2020 [1] Kasper DL, Madoff LC. Introduction to infectious ... [2] Gupta I, Guin P. Communicable diseases in the South-East... [3] Boutayeb A, Boutayeb S. The burden of non communicable diseases in ... [4] Lankarani KB, Alavian SM, Peymani P. Health in the Islamic... [5] Wester AL, Dunlop O, Melby KK, Dahle UR, Wyller TB. Age-related... [6] Fernández de la Hoz K, de Mateo S, Regidor E. Trends in infectious... [7] Dore GJ, Li Y, Plant AJ, Kaldor JM. Trends in infectious disease... [8] TavanaeeSani A, Mirkarimi H. Evaluation of etiology of infectious ... [9] Mouton CP, Bazaldua OV, Pierce B, Espino DV. Common infections in older... [10] Armstrong GL, Conn LA, Pinner RW. Trends in infectious disease mortality in the United... [11] Golsha R, Golshah E, Jalali Z, Rajabli N, Roshandel G. Final diagnosis and outcomes in old patients admitted to the infectious diseases ward. Med J Mashhad Univ... [12] Hasibi M, Soudbakhsh A, Abadi Z, Mehdipoor P. Mortality rate of infectious disease in relation to holidays: Three year study in Imam Khomeini... [13] Mahmoudi GA, Astaraki P, Anbari K, Khayatpisheh S. Epidemiolgical survey of mortality rate in patients admitted to Shohada hospital of Khorramabad in... [14] Noorizad S, Tabesh H, Mahdian M, Akbari H, Taghadosi M. Causes of mortality and morbidity in a neurosurgery ICU in... [15] Norman DC, Grahn D, Yoshikawa TT. Fever and aging. J Am Geriatr... [16] Norman DC, Yoshikawa TT. Fever in the elderly. Infect Dis Clin... [17] Almario CV, Metz DC, Haynes K, Yang YX. Risk of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with a diagnosis of pernicious anemia: A population-based retrospective cohort study. Eur J Gastroenterol ... [18] Serraino D, Bidoli E, Piselli P, Angeletti C, Bruzzone S, Pappagallo M, et al. Time trends in infectious disease mortality in Italy: 1999-1969. Epidemiol... [19] Tellioğlu E, Balcı G, Mertoğlu A. Duration of stay of patients with community-acquired pneumonia in influenza season. Turk Thorac... [20] Capelastegui A, España PP, Quintana JM, Gallarreta M, Gorordo I, Esteban C, et al. Declining length of hospital stay for pneumonia and postdischarge outcomes. Am... Aims: Infectious diseases are among the most serious diseases that may lead to death in many parts of the world. This study was conducted to investigate the main causes of mortality among patients hospitalized in the infectious ward and respiratory ICU of Sina hospital in Hamadan. Materials & Methods: The medical records of patients hospitalized from March 2012 to March 2017 in the infectious ward and respiratory ICU were investigated, those not surviving during the hospitalization. Findings: A total of 593 medical records of patients were reviewed, of which 534 cases were enrolled in this study. Among which, 426 (79.8 %) and 108 (20.2%) cases were related to patients hospitalized in the respiratory ICU and infectious ward, respectively The mortality rate during 2012 to 2016 was calculated as follows: 4.69% in 2012, 6.31% in 2013, 4.68% in 2014, 5.2% in 2015, and 5.8% in 2016. This study results showed that the most common causes of mortality were sepsis (44.4%) in the respiratory ICU and pneumonia (25.3%) in the infectious ward. The highest rates of case fatality were related to sepsis (237cases, 48.2%) and pulmonary embolism (15 cases, 44.1%). Conclusions: The present study findings showed that sepsis and pneumonia were the most common causes of death among patients hospitalized in the infectious diseases ward and respiratory ICU; also, sepsis and pulmonary embolism accounted for the highest case fatality rates.