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Mantle peridotite was considered as the source lithology of alkali basalts. However, experimental petrology indicates that partial melting of peridotite produces different basaltic melts from natural alkali basalts in some major elements. For example, the experimental products show significantly lower CaO and higher Al2O3 contents than natural alkali basalts (e.g., Hirschmann et al., 2003; Dasgupta et al., 2007). Instead of the normal peridotite, three major metasomatic lithologies such as carbonated peridotite, pyroxenite and hornblendite have been suggested as the mantle source of alkali basalts (e.g., Hirschmann et al., 2003; Dasgupta et al., 2007; Pilet et al., 2008). Nevertheless, experimentally produced basaltic melts from these metasomatic lithologies also fail to match all the features of natural alkali basalts. The mantle lithology for alkali basalts still remains enigmatic. In addition, the origin of these metasomatic lithologies for alkali basalts also remains controversial.

Geochemical evidence for carbonated metasomatite as the mantle source of Cenozoic alkali basalts in western Qinling, China