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Natural diamonds show a large diversity of surface dissolution features, some of which develop in the kimberlite magma during ascent whereas others are inherited from the mantle and are preserved due to diamond enclosure within xenoliths. Such mantle-derived dissolution features reflect conditions associated with diamond-destructive metasomatism and help to shed light on metasomatic processes in the subcratonic mantle. Experiments show that the presence and composition of fluid in kimberlite magmas can also radically change diamond surface features. In this study we examine the distribution of mantle-derived resorption features in four diamond parcels from four different lithologies in the BK1 and AK15 kimberlites (Orapa cluster, Botswana). We apply the results of dissolution experiments conducted at mantle conditions, to predict the nature of metasomatic processes in the subcratonic mantle responsible for diamond growth and partial dissolution. The content and nature of nitrogen defects determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is used to compare the mantle residence conditions of morphologically different diamond groups.

Diamond surface features and metasomatic processes in subcratonic mantle