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Mineral inclusions in diamonds play a critical role in understanding the relationship between diamonds and mantle lithologies. Here we report the first major and trace element study of mineral inclusions in diamonds from the Karowe Mine (Orapa kimberlite cluster) in north-east Botswana, above the western edge of the Zimbabwe Craton. Our objective is to evaluate the mantle sources associated with a coarse diamond population containing very large gem-quality stones. From a total of 107 diamonds, 134 silicate, 14 oxide and 22 sulphide inclusions were recovered. Assigning the inclusions to principal suites, 55% of the diamonds classify as eclogitic (59 diamonds) and 43% peridotitic (46 diamonds). The remaining 2% consist of one sub-lithospheric diamond, containing a non-touching inclusion pair of majoritic garnet and omphacitic clinopyroxene, and a diamond of likely websteritic association.

Mineral inclusions in diamonds from Karowe mine, Botswana: examining the mantle sources of a diamond population containing exceptionally large crystals