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Estimates of the oxygen fugacity (fO2) of the cratonic subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) range from above the quartz-fayalite-magnetite (QFM) buffer to just above the iron-wustite (IW) buffer, and generally decrease with depth. While several lines of evidence suggest that the sublithospheric mantle may be constrained by the IW buffer (the presence of metallic Fe), there also is evidence that at least localized volumes of siginficantly lower fO2 must exist within the SCLM, and perhaps within the deeper mantle. In this contribution, we describe a remarkable example of super-reducing conditions in an offcraton volcanic setting (Griffin et al., 2016a), and discuss its implications for other tectonic settings, and for the transfer of carbon and hydrogen from the deeper mantle.

Super-reducing conditions in ancient and modern volcanic systems: implications for the carbon budget of the deep lithosphere