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This article establishes, from the Ecuadorian perspective, why the South American extractivist countries do not develop from the exploitation of their natural resources. For that, an analysis of the evolution of extractivism is made from the colonial period to the present, finding that this economic activity has intensified throughout history, leaving significant income in all the countries that practice it. It is concluded that the villages have not been developed due mainly to the fact that the governments have not efficiently allocated those income to real investment projects and reduction of inequality. keywords Natural resources, extractivism, income, development, inequality. jel codes O13, L71, N36, Q30.

El extractivismo en Sudamérica: ¿Por qué no nos ha desarrollado? Una lectura desde el Ecuador