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This paper reports on the use of recent activity flags to exclude inactive cell phone telephone numbers from being worked. Utilizing a high-effort survey appended with recent activity flags from both Targus and Marketing Systems Group’s Cell-WINS, we find that between 5 and 6 percent of cell phone households would be excluded by utilizing these appends. Furthermore, the bias inherent in excluding either Targus “unknown” sample or Cell-WINS “inactive” sample is t near negligible in dual-frame surveys. Excluding such sample can reduce the amount of labor hours needed for telephone interviewing by as much as 20 percent. As with the adoption of list-assisted techniques for landline samples, we find that using recent activity flags substantially improves survey interviewing productivity rates without causing a meaningful increase in bias. In the mid-1970s, telephone surveys suffered from an inherent lack of efficiency. As a direct result, survey costs were considerable both in terms of labor and of time. The efficiency problem was not satisfactorily resolved until the advent of the single-stage list-assisted approach in the 1990s. This approach has been “industry-standard” since, thanks to its lack of clustering, increased efficiency, and ease and timeliness of application (Kulp 1994; Lepkowski 1988). Now, we see history repeating itself with cell phones. They are significantly more expensive and inefficient to dial compared to landlines. Absent listed databases for cell phones, one cannot “scrub” zero banks out of the sampling frame to increase efficiency via the list-assisted method. Other methods to improve efficiency, such as the Mitofsy-Waksberg technique (Waksberg 1978) fail because there is little predilection for certain working banks of 100-series or 1,000-series telephone numbers more than other banks.

The Use of Recent Activity Flags to Improve Cellular Telephone Efficiency