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Mobile technology offers researchers a new set of tools for collecting information on how people spend their time, in addition to where they are and whom they are with during their daily activities. There has been limited research conducted on survey designs for mobile devices. Even less research has focused on the usability of self-administered surveys on mobile devices over extended data collection periods. We used the functionality of a smartphone to capture information on people’s attitudes, surroundings, interactions, and behaviors to gain a richer appreciation for the different lifestyles and personalities that characterize a particular population. A sample of adults was provided with a specially equipped smartphone that allowed for the self-administration of a brief survey at periodic intervals throughout the day (approximately 8 to 12 three minute surveys per day). Information was collected about the respondent’s current location, the activities in which they were engaged, the people they were with, and their mood at the time (i.e., happy / depressed / energetic / etc.). Respondents offered images and words to catalog their daily experiences. The additional smartphone functions provided richer data beyond typical survey responses, but also presented some challenges for respondents to comply throughout the survey period. To improve our understanding in this area, a series of cognitive interviews was conducted with individuals who used the smartphone to evaluate the usability of the data collection tool in terms of ease of use and compliance issues. We provide an overview of the project, highlight the key findings of usability issues including operational difficulties, and provide recommendations to improve the technical features of the smart phone to gain greater compliance from respondents.

Life360: Usability of Mobile Devices for Time Use Surveys