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Background: Preoperative smoking cessation programmes have been reviewed recently regarding the immediate effect on postoperative complications and smoking habits. The objective of this review was therefore to evaluate long-term effects of perioperative smoking cessation programmes. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, CINAHL databases were searched for randomised clinical trials on perioperative smoking cessation intervention programmes that included follow-up for smoking. The literature was evaluated and data were extracted from the included papers. The review involved meta-analyses. Results: The 10 included RCTs were presented in 12 papers and communications, involving 1,369 patients. Only 5 RCTs had a follow up of 12 months. The RR in the perioperative period was 1.90 (95% CI: 1.65 to 2.18), and after 12 months 1.57 (1.09 to 2.26). The subgroup analyses of the intensive 6-8 weeks programmes revealed a high RR of 5.89 (3.49 to 9.93). Conclusion: Smoking cessation intervention programmes were effective on short and long-term. The intensive programmes of six to eight weeks duration seemed to be most effective. (Less)

Review: Long-term effect of perioperative smoking cessation programmes