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The drug discovery should not be always limited to discovery of a single molecule and current belief one disease one drug approach may be untenable in the future and that rationally designed polyherbal formulations could also be investigated as an alternative in multitarget therapies and prophylaxis. Considering this the influence of Unani Polyherbal Formulation (UPF) was investigated for its nootropic activity. To investigate nootropic activity of the UPF various experimental paradigms of learning and memory were used including transfer latency (TL) on elevated plus-maze, spatial memory evaluation using radial arm maze, passive avoidance response (PAS) and object recognition test. Mice were devided in four groups viz control i.e vehicle treated, UPF 200 mg/kg, UPF 400 mg/kg and piracetam 150 mg/kg as standard. The investigation reported that UPF 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced the TL on 2nd and 9th day and significantly increased the step down latency in the PAS at acquisition and retention test. In radial arm maze task UPF 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant decrease in the days to make the mice learned and latency to find food in reference as well as working memory. UPF also attenuated scopolamine induced memory deficit. Furthermore the UPF 200 and 400 mg/kg increased discrimination index in the object recognition test indicating nootropic activity. To conclude UPF showed significant facilitatory effect on aversively motivated learning and memory in mice, spatial learning and memory and improvement of memory in absence of cognitive deficit. 175 D.B. Ambikar et al. (e.g. scopolamine) impair learning and memory both in animals3 and human beings4. A number of drugs including piracetam have introduced in therapy to ameliorate cognitive deficits5. Since allopathic system of medicine is yet to provide a radical cure, it is worthwhile to look for new directions, which would minimize the memory loss seen in elderly patients6. Recently it has been suggested that the drug discovery should not be always limited to discovery of a single molecule and current belief one disease one drug approach may be untenable in the future and that rationally designed polyherbal formulations could also be investigated as an alternative in multi-target therapies and prophylaxis7. Development of standardized, safe and effective herbal formulations with proven scientific evidence can also provide an economical alternative in several disease areas8. Plant drugs and herbal formulation are frequently considered to be less toxic and free from side effects than synthetic one9. Unani Medicine is a form of traditional medicine practiced in middle-east & south-asian countries. Many formulations have been used in the Unani system of medicine since hundreds of years for treatment of central nervous system disorders10. We used one such Unani polyherbal formulation composed of Emblica officinalis, Delphinium denudatum Wall, Phoenix dactylifera, Prunus amygdalus Batsch, Benincasa hispida, Trapa bispinosa, Centella asiatica, Paeonia officinalis, Evolvulusal sinoides, Pistaci alentiscus, Sphaeranthus indicus and rose water. All of the above mentioned herbs are reported for neuropharmacological activity11-22. Even though this formulation has been used in the Unani system of medicine, there is need to validate its efficacy in using modern scientific parameters. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the influence of Unani polyherbal formulation (UPF) on learning and memory using experimental models of learning and memory. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1. Unani polyherbal formulation (UPF) A Unani polyherbal formulation composed exclusively of herbal medicines which are also quoted in all classical Ayurvedic literature and references was prepared. Its main ingredients include the following: Emblica officinalis 100 g, Delphinium denudatum Wall 10 g, Phoenix dactylifera 10 g, Prunus amygdalus Batsch 10 g, Benincasa hispida 10g, Trapa bispinosa 10g, Centella asiatica 5g, Paeonia officinalis 2g, Evolvulus alsinoides 2g, Pistacia lentiscus 2g, Sphaeranthus indicus 2g and rose water were received as gift sample from Registered Medical (Unani) Practitioner from Pune, India. 2.2. Chemicals and drugs Piracetam syrup (Nootropil®) from UCB, India and scopolamine injection (Buscopan®) from Cadila Healthcare, India purchased from a local market.

Influence of Unani polyherbal formulation on learning and memory retention in mice