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Foundation provision for South African university students has been a national programme to redress the inequalities of apartheid. This paper considers the ongoing concerns around race, gender and class inequalities, raised, for instance, during the 2015, 2016 student protests in South Africa. Three theories are used as a lens to consider foundation programmes in this context: Critical Race Feminism, Black Consciousness, and African feminism. Critical race feminism is not a new theory – for example bell hooks’ work on feminism and liberatory pedagogy, and Krenshaw’s work on intersectionality, date back several decades, but remain relevant. Black consciousness, popularised by Steve Biko in the 1960’s and 70’s, continues to inspire a thoughtful consideration of race in South African society. African feminism argues for noticing the silenced voices and finding the communities that animate their knowledge seeking. Some of the complications in the success of the foundation studies, and in transformation of universities, can be better understood by using these lenses to interrogate race and class dynamics on campuses that continue to struggle to transform. The paper reminds us of the university’s purpose as a public good, and asks us to locate the poor, black student in the centre of our deliberations.

Access or Set Up? A Critical Race, Feminist, Black Consciousness, and African Feminist perspective on Foundation Studies in South Africa