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African-derived spiritual beliefs described as ‘Obeah’ have played a significant role in policing the illegal activities of Jamaicans in Ontario, where the majority of Caribbean immigrants in Canada have settled. Posing as spiritual advisors, police agents and undercover officers have convinced suspected criminals to divulge the details of their offenses as a component of rituals purportedly designed to protect the suspects against the spirits of their victims and guard against detection by the authorities. Canadian courts have consistently upheld the legality of these deceptions, finding that Obeah rituals fall outside the standards of protected spiritual interactions or confessions. These cases reveal the limitations of the recognition of African diaspora religions in Canada, and demonstrate that, in response to media allegations that Jamaican immigrants disproportionately commit violent crime, persons of Caribbean descent attempt to secure their acceptance in the global north by delegitimizing African derived faiths.

Religion or Ruse? African Jamaican Spiritual Practices and Police Deception in Canada