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El presente estudio evaluo la capacidad antioxidante de los extractos de dieciseis plantas medicinales: escoba amarga (Parthenium hysterophons), ajenjo (Artemisia absinthium), guarumo (t), chaya (Cnidoscolus chayamansa), borraja (Borago officinalis), balsa (Ochroma sp.), linaza (Linum usitatissimum), hierba Luisa (Cymbopogon citratus), toronjil (Melissa officinalis), buganvilla (Bougainvillea spectabilis), alcachofa (Cynara scolymus), guaviduca (Piper carpunya), altamisa (Ambrosia cumanensis), diente de leon (Taxacum officinales), buscapina (Parietaria officinalis) y moringa (Moringa oleifera). Para ello, se uso el metodo DPPH (radical 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil); ademas, se realizaron ensayos de reconocimiento de metabolitos secundarios a fin de obtener los primeros indicios de compuestos de interes fitoquimico. La actividad captadora de radicales libres de los extractos se expreso como valor de IC50 (μg/mL) (cantidad necesaria para inhibir la formacion de radicales DPPH en un 50%). El valor bajo de IC50 refleja mejor accion eliminadora de radicales libres. Aunque la mayoria de las muestras evaluadas mostraron buena capacidad antioxidante con este metodo (DPPH), los ensayos de los extractos hidro-alcoholicos demuestran que la alcachofa (IC50 9,89 μg/mL), moringa (IC50 11,4 μg/mL) y borraja (IC50 14,0 μg/mL) presentaron mayor capacidad antioxidante. Mediante las pruebas quimicas de caracterizacion, se detecto la presencia de flavonoides, taninos, triterpenos, alcaloides y saponinas en la mayoria de las especies analizadas (aproximadamente 56-69%); tan solo un 20% de las mismas mostro la presencia de polifenoles, glucosidos cianogenicos, lactonas, cumarinas, esteroles y antraquinonas. Segun los resultados, se podria considerar a estas plantas como fuentes prometedoras de metabolitos secundarios con actividad antioxidante.  ABSTRACT This study evaluated the antioxidant capacity of sixteen medicinal plants: Escoba amarga (Parthenium hysterophons), ajenjo (Artemisia absinthium), guarumo (Cecropia obtusifolia), chaya (Cnidoscolus chayamansa), borraja (Borago officinalis), balsa (Ochroma sp.), linaza (Linum usitatissimum), hierba Luisa (Cymbopogon citratus), toronjil (Melissa officinalis), buganvilla (Bougainvillea spectabilis), alcachofa (Cynara scolymus), guaviduca (Piper carpunya), altamisa (Ambrosia cumanensis), diente de Leon (Taxacum officinales), buscapina (Parietaria officinalis)and moringa (Moringa oleifera). For this, the DPPH (radical 1, 1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil) method was used; furthermore, recognition assays of secondary metabolites were performed, in order to obtain the first signs of phytochemical compounds of interest. The free radical scavenging activity of the extracts was expressed as IC50 value (g/mL) (necessary amount to inhibit the formation of 50% of DPPH radical). The low value of IC50 reflects better free radical scavenging action. Although most of the samples tested showed good antioxidant capacity with this method (DPPH), tests of hydroalcoholic extracts show that alcachofa (IC50 9.89 mg/mL), moringa (IC50 11.4 mg/mL) and borraja (IC50 14.0 mg/mL) were those with higher antioxidant capacity. Through chemical characterization tests, the presence of flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, alkaloids and saponins were detected in most of the analyzed species (approximately 56-69%); only 20% of them showed the presence of polyphenols, cyanogenic glycosides, lactones, coumarins, anthraquinones and sterols. According to the results obtained, these plants might be considered as promising sources of secondary metabolites with antioxidant activity.

ciencia unemi/ciencia unemi (en línea)

Evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante y metabolitos secundarios de extractos de dieciséis plantas medicinales / Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and secondary metabolites of sixteen medicinal plants extracts