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Los ejemplares de las especies vegetales Lippia citriodora K (cedron), Ambrosia artemisifolia L (altamisa), Taraxacum officinale Weber (diente de leon), Ageratum conyzoides L (mastrante), Piper carpunya Ruiz & Pav (guaviduca), Borago officinalis L (borraja), Coriandrum sativum L (cilantro), Melissa officinalis L (toronjil), Cymbopogon citratus S (hierba luisa), Artemisia absinthium L (ajenjo), Momordica charantia L (achochilla) y Moringa oleifera Lam (moringa) se recolectaron al azar en las localidades de Machala y Santa Rosa, Ecuador. Las hojas fueron lavadas, secadas, molidas y extraidas por maceracion con metanol; los filtrados concentrados por evaporacion a presion reducida. Para determinar la actividad antimicrobiana de los extractos metanolicos obtenidos, se utilizo la tecnica de difusion en agar, mediante la cual estos se probaron frente a cepas de bacterias Gram positiva (Staphyloccocus aureus) y Gram negativa (Escherichia coli y P. aeruginosa), y una cepa del hongo (Candida albicans). Todos los extractos analizados, a excepcion de los de L. citriodora y A. conyzoides, exhibieron una accion bactericida contra todas las cepas bacterianas ensayadas, lo cual refleja la importancia de estas especies en la produccion de fitofarmacos antibioticos. T. officinale y P. carpunya presentaron un efecto antibacteriano alto contra E. coli; sin embargo, S. aureus no presento sensibilidad frente los extractos de L. citriodora y P. carpunya. El bioensayo de actividad antifungica realizado a los extractos de las especies estudiadas contra C. albicans, mostro que todos tienen accion fungicida alta, a excepcion de T. officinale con un menor efecto inhibitorio del crecimiento fungico. Se puede inferir que estas plantas constituyen una fuente promisoria de compuestos quimicos antimicrobianos de gran valor farmacologico. ABSTRACT The specimens of plant species Lippia citriodora K (cedron), Ambrosia artemisifolia L (altamisa), Taraxacum officinale Weber (diente de leon), Ageratum conyzoides L (mastrante), Piper carpunya Ruiz & Pav (guaviduca), Borago officinalis L (borraja), Coriandrum sativum L (cilantro), Melissa officinalis L (toronjil), Cymbopogon citratus S (hierba luisa), Artemisia absinthium L (ajenjo), Momordica charantia L (achochilla) y Moringa oleifera Lam (moringa) were collected randomly in the towns of Santa Rosa and Machala, Ecuador. The leaves were washed, dried, ground and extracted by maceration with methanol; the filtrates concentrated by evaporation under reduced pressure. A diffusion technique in agar was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the obtained methanolic extracts, by which they were tested against strains of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa), and a strain of fungus (Candida albicans). All extracts analyzed, except for those of L. citriodora and A. conyzoides showed a bactericidal action against all bacterial strains tested, reflecting the importance of these species in the production of herbal medicines antibiotics. T. officinale and P. carpunya showed a high antibacterial effect against E. coli; however, S. aureus did not show sensitivity to P. carpunya and L. citriodora extracts. The antifungal activity bioassay conducted to studied extracts against C. albicans, showed that all have high fungicidal action, except for T. officinale with less inhibitory effect of fungal growth. It can be inferred that these plants are a promising source of antimicrobial components of high pharmacological value.

ciencia unemi/ciencia unemi (en línea)

Análisis del efecto antimicrobiano de doce plantas medicinales de uso ancestral en Ecuador / Analysis of antimicrobial effect of twelve medicinal plants of ancient use in Ecuador