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Se investigo las actividades productivas que realizan 84 establecimientos que estan asentados en ambas margenes del Rio Guaranda, en un trayecto de 4 km antes de desembocar y formar la cuenca del Rio Chimbo-Guayas. Se planteo determinar de que manera se produce la contaminacion del agua, especificamente en la microcuenca Negroyacu de la ciudad de Guaranda, Ecuador. En el recorrido propuesto para el estudio, al georeferenciar se dividio el area en 9 zonas con sus respectivos sitios de viviendas, cultivos, vias y vegetacion. Resulto la zona cuatro la mas contaminante como consecuencia de mayor actividad productiva por comercio y servicios; para el analisis de muestras de agua en laboratorio  la contaminacion se dio por presencia de nitratos, cloruros y sulfatos. Se concluye que las actividades productivas de los habitantes de la microcuenca estudiada corresponden a los sectores primario, secundario, terciario y cuaternario. Los establecimientos comerciales descargan las aguas servidas a la microcuenca, siete de  diez establecimientos  contaminan el agua.  La presencia de algas  en las zonas uno y dos es un indicador de no contaminacion del agua. Los indicadores determinan que es necesario implementar acciones de manejo del agua para reducir los niveles de contaminacion en la microcuenca. The productive activities of 84 establishments that are settled in both margins of the Guaranda River were investigated, with a route of 4 km before it emerges and form the basin of the Chimbo-Guayas River. It was proposed to determine how water pollution occurs, specifically in the Negroyacu micro watershed of the city of Guaranda, Ecuador. In the course proposed for the study, georeferencing was divided into 9 areas with their respective sites of housing, crops, roads and vegetation. Zone four was the most polluting as a consequence of greater productive activity by trade and services; For the analysis of water samples in the laboratory the contamination was given by the presence of nitrates, chlorides and sulfates. It is concluded that the productive activities of the inhabitants of the studied microbasin correspond to the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors. Commercial establishments discharge their wastewater to the micro watershed, and seven of ten establishments pollute the water. The presence of algae in zones one and two is an indicator of non-contamination of water. The indicators determine that it is necessary to implement water management actions to reduce pollution levels in the micro watershed.

ciencia unemi/ciencia unemi (en línea)

Las actividades productivas y su relación con la contaminación del agua de la Microcuenca Negroyacu, en Guaranda, Ecuador. // The productive activities and their relation with the water pollution of the Negroyacu Microcuenca, in Guaranda, Ecuador