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Rapidly growing atypical mycobacteria are non-motile, aerobic bacteria that are ubiquitous in both natural and nosocomial environments. While the prevalence of these organisms is not well described, they have become an increasingly common source of localized skin and soft tissue infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Despite its ever-growing presence, this bacterium is difficult to identify due to late presentation of symptoms and negative results from conventional bacterial cultures and gram stains. Mycobacterium mageritense, a non-pigmented rapidly growing atypical mycobacteria, is an example of a newly isolated source of cutaneous infections that is difficult to identify in laboratories. Repeat cultures from direct biopsy samples, supplemented by histopathological investigation are recommended for the most accurate diagnosis. In addition to acid fast staining, “laboratories should hold on to routine bacterial cultures for a minimum of three days to ensure the recovery of these organisms”. Due to the increasing prevalence of these infections, awareness of proper diagnostic technique is critical in effective treatment planning. Physicians should have a higher degree of suspicion for rapidly growing atypical mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium mageritense, in immunocompromised patients with abscess of unknown etiology.

Case Report of Mycobacterium mageritense Soft Tissue Abscess in Immune Compromised Patient with Inconclusive Gram Stain and Wound Culture