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Objective: To study ultradian cycles ofmood in four inpatien t groups. Me thod: We assessed the mood q/depressed and nondepressed subjects, on an hourly basis, between 7:00 a.m. and 10:00 p .m. for two consecutive day s using a visual analog scale ofmood. Hourly mood scores.for each group wereplotted against tim e. R esults: We.found ultradian cycles w ith mean length s q/3-4 hours in all groups. The majo r depressive episode and adjustment disorder depression groups, however, had ultradian cycles of significantly greater amplitude than ward staff: Conclusions: Depressed patients demonstra te greater amplitude in ultradian cycles q/ mood than nondepressed subjects. U lt rad ia n cycles (cycles < 24 hours in len gth) have been de monstrat ed in a va r ie ty of physiological factors a nd m ental fun cti on s of interest to psyc hia try. Normal subjects have been shown to d emon strate ultradi an cycles of cognit ive performan ce efficie ncy (1 ,2), short te rm m emory (3), slee p-wa ke fulness (4,5) and mood (6 ,7). The ninet y minut e cycle of rapid-eye-movement slee p (RE M) is probably th e most in te nsively stud ied ul tradi an cycle in th e a rea of psych iatry. T his cycle has been reported to be disrupted in depressive di sorders (8,9). In a recent explora to ry study by on e of the a u tho rs (D.H.) a nd others , it was d emon stra ted that depressed patients a lso exhibit a n abnormal ultradian cycle of mood (7) . It was re po rt ed that a d epressed group exh ibite d u lt rad ia n cycles of signi fica n t ly grea te r amplit ud e than a nondepressed group. Ba sed on our review of th e lit erature, this was the first report ed study of ultradi an cycles of mood in depression . In the presen t study, we test th e re liab ility of a n exp loratory study which found ultradian cycles of grea te r a m plit ude in d epressed gro u p than in a non-depressed group (7). In this follow-up st udy, we have exte nded mood assessment over two days in orde r to investigat e day to day sta bility of cycles, an d have includ ed non-depressed and adj ust men t disorde r wi t h dep ressed mood patient groups to ass ess sp ecificit y of

Ultradian Cycles of Mood in Normal and Depressed Subjects