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Cultures and sub-cultures attempt to describe illn ess in ways that a re most understandabl e to th e people who live in th at com m unity . These grou ps may d iffer wh en describing th e et iology, course and treatment of a ny given a ilme n t. Menta l illn ess is just as susceptible to being explained in a manner whi ch differs from group to group. Not surprisingly, psych iatrists trained under th e a uspices of " mains t ream Am erica"-that is, where th e Western Judeo-Christian paradigm reign s, may find th emselves di smissing symptoms of other sub-cult u res . So me patients may have manifestations of true mental illness; others may have sym pto ms whi ch a re cult u ra lly sanctioned but whi ch we label as mental illness. We may eve n misdiagnose beh avioral variation a mong cult ural groups as serious dis ease. This paper is sp ecifically conce rned with th e ph en omen on of rootwork, a magical syste m of explaining sickness and health a mong some people in th e U ni te d Sta te s. More specifically, a case is described where the severe symptoms of on e patient wen t misdiagnosed as a result of cross-cu ltu ra l confusion. Suc h misunderst andings ca n become clearer for those able to think abo u t how mental illn ess crosses cult ures a nd may become a new ent ity to that different group of peopl e. Cross-cultural psychi a try is interest ed in the interface between such different groups. Additionally, difTiculties with treatment of on e culture's dis ease by another cult u re's remedi es a re discu ssed.

The Barking Man: A Case Study of Rootwork in Psychiatry