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The optimum modality for treating preschool age ch ild ren wit h be havio ral and emotional problems is uncertain. One study showed that child ren with good ego strength respond to psyc hotherapy independent of whether it is group or individual psychotherapy , provided that a minimum period of psych o therapy oc curs ( ovick, 1965). The literature has demonstrated that parent training, individ ua l p lay therapy, and group therapy are a ll effecti ve modes of treatment with chi ldren (Axline, 1969 ; Moreland, et ai, 1983; Pesco solido & Pe trella , 1986). Du e to the lim ited psych iatric resources in the mili tary se tt ing and increasing demand for service, the option for individual th erapy may be restr icted to specific neurotic clinical d iagnoses. We studied th e efficacy of shortterm group treatment applica ble to behavio rall y and emotio na lly disordered chi ldren, ages 4 th rough 6 years . In a review of various group treatments, th e nu mber of sessions ran ged from 10 to 15 (Abramowitz, 1976). In a nothe r study, the mean n umber of hours needed to produce th erapeutic benefits in pare n t training was 9 .5 (Fo rehand, et ai, 1979). All of the treatments to be considered are structured around a group principal to allow more patients to be treat ed for the same clinician time expendi tu re. O ur study compared parent training , to group play therapy, an d a proj ect group on a population of behavio rall y or emotionally di sordered chi ldren, ages 4 to 6. The groups th em sel ves ra n for eight weeks, 75 minutes each week, along with 50-minute pre and post sessions with each set of parents. Total clinical time was approximately 24 hours per group for both therapists . Revie w articles on studies of parent training of preschool ag e children de monst ra te that it is an effective method of treating di sturbed ch ildren . (Ber kowitz , Graziano, 1972, Johnson, Katz, 1973 , Moreland, et ai, 1983). T he goal is to train the parents to be the therapist for their child ren's beh avio r. It is felt that parents constitu te an inexpensive, cont inuous treatment resou rce which is able to augment existing th erapeutic man power capabilities (j ohnson & Katz, 1973). Parent training has bee n used in a wide variety of di sorders inclu d ing co nd uct problems, oppositional defiant traits, school phobia , e ncopresis, enuresis, psychosis, and menta l retardation . Webster-Stratton working with the par-

A Pilot Study of Brief Group Therapies for Preschool Children: Parent Training vs Group Play Therapy vs Project Group