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The recent theory of kindling may help to link neurophysiologic, neu rotransmitt er and neuroanatomic mechanisms important in understanding th e neurology of behavior . Lim bic kindling is of interest in developing model s of epilepsy, psychosis, learning and memory (l -5). Kindling might explain the late development of psychopathology. This paper will first define kindling and demonstrate how kindling offers a model within which to view more prolonged behavioral deviations as neurophysiologica l proces ses. The use of carbamazepine and its association to kindling, tempora l lobe dysfunction and psychopathology will be discussed . As originally defined by Goddard and Morrel (2), th e ter m kindli ng referred to the observation that brief electrical st imulation of limbic and cortical a reas in rats by currents that were originally inadequate to evoke after-discha rges or behaviora l effects, eventually prod uces an after-discharge. When carried on long enough, kindling stimulation lead s to spontaneous seizures. As suggested by the name, the term kindling is an ana logy to the starting of a fire whereby application of low heat (or subthreshold stimulation) ca uses wood (or bra in tissue) to burst into flames (or convul se). Kind ling represents neurona l processes that ma y mediate the formation of lasting behaviora l change. The process of kindling is not all or none (3). It involves a progressive, lasting lowering of neuronal threshold to evoke an afterdischa rge. Both elec trical and chemical stimuli can produce kindling (7) . Chronic administra tion of CNS stimulants such as cocaine and ampheta mines may caus e increases in limb ic system discharges and vulnerabil ity to pathologic behavior and seizures (8, 9) . The concept of kindling has been applied to chronic psychological stress that results in progressive vulnerability to pathologic behavior. It is known that environment al events can induce synchro nized electrical activity within the limbi c system. There is evide nce of lasti ng cha nge in behavior following repeated limbic stimulation with an d without changes in epi leptogenicity. Animal studies have shown full -blown behaviora l convulsions after epileptic activation of the limbic system with out electroencephalographic evidence of seizures. It is not completely clear what role inter ictal phenomena have on behavioral responses (lO). Kindling may explain why certain temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients develop behavioral changes and psychosis.

The Use of Carbamazepine (Tegretol) in Psychiatry and Its Association to Kindling, Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Psychopathology