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The current study described medial-lateral anterior-posterior and vertical maximal GRF and the time in phase when that peak occurred during a golf swing performed by average golfers with three different clubs. Concerning the maximal GRF in both lead and trail leg, our study shows that the swing with the three clubs used is similar. Significant differences occur in the anteriorposterior peak GRF at the downswing just for the trail leg. This study approached the time of peak GRF occurrence normalized for all subjects allowing to better compare different phase durations. Differences in time of peak are mostly found close to the moment of impact, acceleration (pitching wedge and 7-iron) and early follow through for the vertical GRF lead leg. We also found significant differences during the backswing with pitching wedge and 4-iron, for the anterior-posterior GRF trail leg, during the backswing between pitching wedge and 4-iron, during the forward swing and acceleration between pitching wedge and 4-iron and finally in the early follow-through between pitching wedge and 7-iron on medial lateral GRF trail leg. GRF peak and timing knowledge when using different clubs may assist coaches and golfers when deciding strategies to optimize performance as well as in under¬standing the swing impact in the body and the risk it represents to suffer an injury. Decisions concerning maintaining sport activity or returning to sport must take into account that in anterior-posterior plane the use of clubs for short, intermediate or long distance implies different maximal GRF.

Lead and Trail Legs Ground Reaction Forces and Timing During the Golf Swing with Different Clubs in Average Golfers