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The present study investigates effect of anions such as chloride (Cl-), nitrate (NO3 2-), and sulfate (SO4 2-) with their counter cations like sodium (Na+), potassium(K+), and ammonium (NH4 +) on sulfur oxidizing microorganisms. Bioprocess parameters such as pH and viable cell count were considered to understand the toxic effect of the anions as well as cations on the sulfuroxidizing microorganism. The pH and viable cell count data reveals that Cl-and NO3 2had more inhibitory effects at lower concentrations compared to SO4 2ions. Effect of the same concentration of Clion as Na+, K+, and NH4 + counter cations showed, NaCl as more inhibitory with less viable cell count compared to KCl and NH4Cl However, all the three salts such as NaCl, KCl and NH4Cl showed inhibitory effects at 4 g/L Cl with an order of toxicity of NaCl> NH4Cl>KCl. Similar studies conducted on NO3 2ions with similar counter cations resulted with an order of inhibition for NO3 2ion as KNO3>NaNO3>Ca(NO3)2 indicating a more inhibitory effect of monovalent cations (Na+ and K+) then divalent (Ca2+) ion. The viable cell count data for the study supports the pH patterns with time followed by viable cell count for Ca(NO3)2 supporting the less inhibitory effect of Ca 2+ ion. While for the higher concentration of NO3 2-the Na+ ion and K+ ion showed a similar pattern for pH and viable cell count. The higher concentration of SO4 2was chosen for the study, which reveals that (NH4)2SO4 was more deleterious at lower concentrations. The order of inhibition observed was (NH4)2SO4>Na2SO4>K2SO4 for the higher SO4 2concentrations. Na2SO4 and K2SO4 showed almost similar effects at their lower concentrations.

archives of petroleum and environmental biotechnology

Effect of Increasing Concentrations of Chloride, Nitrate and Sulphate Anions with Their Counter Cations of Potassium, Sodium and Ammonium on Sulphur Bio-Oxidation by Sulphur Oxidizing Microorganisms