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Aim: The aim of this article is to articulate the distinctive features on the Nightingale School of Nursing on the occasion of the 2020 bicentenary of her birth. Design: This is a historical study, based on all the available printed and archival sources of Nightingale’s writing. Methods: The article draws on Nightingale sources (full books, articles, chapters, pamphlets and unpublished letters in more than 200 libraries and archives worldwide) published in The Collected Works of Florence Nightingale , 16 volumes, peer-reviewed; transcriptions are available on its website [1]. Results: Nine key findings are discussed in the article: (1) how different Nightingale’s nursing was from what was called ‘nursing’ at the time; (2) that the central role of training allowed nursing to move from being a women’s profession to being open to all qualified; (3) the evolution of Nightingale nursing as medical science and public health advanced; (4) the academic content in her training; (5) team building in her system; (6) her (often misrepresented) views on germ theory; (7) her late work on preventing cholera; (8) the worldwide influence of her work; (9) her work upgrading workhouse infirmaries and advocacy of what would be later called universal access to health care. Conclusion: Nightingale’s ongoing relevance is evident in many of today’s concerns, such as lack of access to quality health care; the shortage of nurses in the United Kingdom’s National Health Service (and in some other countries) and inadequate wages and salaries of nurses and nurse practitioners; the ongoing dangers in nursing and the need to give nurses a safe working environment (the coronavirus is an extreme example); and inadequate data for health care planning purposes. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0301-7 Full Text: PDF

Florence Nightingale’s Nursing and Health Care: The Worldwide Legacy, As Seen on the Bicentenary of Her Birth