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Bell Laboratories created several application scenarios with educators and artists. In each instance the academic and artistic goals as well as the technical implementation was different. By conducting trials in typical environments we have gathered valuable information about the viability of high quality video over the public Internet. This is part of a larger project that is currently integrating new models of electronic collaboration with web-based services. (Ginsberg, Hodge, Lindstrom, Sampieri, Shiau, 1998) The Gertrude Stein Repertory Theatre (TGSRT, located at: 15 West 26th Street, New York, New York) was our main collaborator in these trials. The theater was founded in 1990 with the intent to expand and revitalize performing arts. The theater has a history of pursuing multicultural and international collaborations--from training, education and productions. The theater also has a history of partnering with cultural and educational institutions. In pursuing their mission, TGSRT has developed a strategy aimed at a global infrastructure of relationships as well as technology. TGSRT presented an interesting challenge, to visually collaborate around the world. The Montage IP-based video conferencing and collaboration was the best solution for the collaborations and classes for several reasons. It provided to us a scaleable, extensible and multipoint international solution. One of the major collaborations occurred with artists in Russia. An ISDN or other Phone Call based system for video conferencing is extremely cost prohibitive. Additionally, a solution with dedicated lines would require that meetings always occur in the same place. This cuts into the flexible and spontaneous nature of artistic collaboration. The machines used in these collaborations were often placed on wheels and moved from location to location within a university or rehearsal studio. This gave the artists and arts educators the flexibility they needed to express themselves digitally. This IP video system allows for multiple frame-rates, frame-sizes and bit-rates. Participants in a conference can tailor the video that they receive to a fine level of detail. Each group can have a different amount of bandwidth and still converse with each other, at the bit-rates, frame-rates and frame sizes that their network can support. The trials discussed within focus on using web-based collaboration in the context of arts production and arts education. In creating web-based collaborative spaces, Lucent benefits from experimentation outside of the laboratory environment and gathers valuable information about the process of on line collaboration. [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] Technology Overview Montage (Gaglianello & Cash, 1995) is capable of generating multiple independent bit-streams corresponding to different resolutions of a single video source and is able to decode up to 32 such streams from multiple sources and display those multiple videos simultaneously. Montage provides this functionality by simple additions to standard Motion JPEG (MJPEG) codecs designed for handling a single video stream (Wallace, 1991; Civanlar & Gaglianello, 1998). The current implementation consists of a MJPEG decoder along with an SVGA graphics controller on one PCI card, and a MJPEG multiple resolution encoder and CD-quality audio I/O on a second PCI card. The compression techniques used by Montage are inherently low latency (less than 48 ms. for encoding and decoding), making the system ideal for highly interactive applications. The encoder generates four 30 frame/sec independent resolution compressed streams from a single NTSC or PAL input video source. The resolutions are full-size (640x480), 1/4 size (320x240), 1/16 size (160x120), and 1/64 size (80 x56). Figure 1 shows the 1/4 and 1/16 size resolutions. The video-input section has two NTSC inputs that can be switched in software. For example, a user can encode and transmit from a camera as well as a video scanner, VCR or even another camera without having to plug and unplug cables. …

Applications of Scalable Multipoint Video and Audio Using the Public Internet