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Definition of Relevant Terms 1. Citation Management/Manager- Any reference management software that enables researchers to digitally collect, organize, and share bibliographic references (Reitz, 2014). 2. Co-Teaching- Involves two or more library and/or faculty members who, together, develop and teach one or more information literacy sessions. 3. Digital Literacy- "The ability to use information and communication technologies to find, understand, evaluate, create, and communicate digital information, an ability that requires both cognitive and technical skills" (American Library Association, 2013). The Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL) (2000) states that information literacy has significant overlap with digital literacy skills (defined as "information technology skills"), and are "interwoven with, and support, information literacy." Digital literacy involves a wide range of skills including the ability to use software applications and other technologies to manage digital information, and the use of search logic such as Boolean search operators, truncation symbols to search databases and search engines. 4. Information Literacy (IL)- "A set of abilities requiring individuals to 'recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information'" (Association of College and Research Libraries [ACRL], 2000). 5. Point of Need Instruction- Instruction provided at the time where it is most relevant. 6. Zotero--Free citation management software used in many universities to manage references for scholarly writing. It was "developed by and for academic scholars and provides a platform that can be used to teach students how to manage voluminous citation data" (Kim, 2011, p. 412). Introduction Many doctoral students returning to college after an absence, as well as students entering directly from undergraduate programs, do not arrive with adequate digital literacy skills. Using databases to find resources and citation management applications to track research are important minimum skills for successful doctoral degree completion. Most current research refers to digital literacy and adult education in the framework of the digital divide or undergraduate education. This study approaches the problem in the context of highly educated, non-traditional age doctoral students, who may lack adequate research skills. This case study discusses the implementation and outcomes of a co-teaching model introduced to provide effective digital literacy instruction to the Ed.D. students at the University of Mary Hardin-Baylor (UMHB). The Problem A large fraction of doctoral research involves the use of digital technology. It is essential to equip doctoral students with the necessary tools and skills to perform advanced level research successfully. While it is not exclusively the librarians' responsibility to teach these skills, as experts in information retrieval and holders of a master's degree in library information science, librarians are ideally suited for helping students find and gather information from various resource systems. Time allotments for database research instruction at many colleges and universities are limited. The predominant form of library instruction at UMHB is in the form of a one-hour, single session, bibliographic methods tutorial. Librarians and faculty determined that a more thorough method of instruction would be beneficial. A faculty librarian, library intern, and education professor at the University of Mary Hardin-Baylor used co-teaching and a workshop model to address the problem. We integrated digital literacy instruction involving electronic database research and a citation management software program (i.e., Zotero) into the education process to prepare the students for the intense research required to obtain advanced degrees. Review of the Literature The ability to use digital resources is critical to the research necessary to attain a doctoral degree. …

Utilizing a Co-Teaching Model to Enhance Digital Literacy Instruction for Doctoral Students