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The mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, LITAF, iNOS, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP1-beta), and K60 were examined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs). The PMBCs were isolated from the chicken blood and in vitro exposed to the probiotic strains E. faecium AL41, E. faecium H31, L. fermentum AID 1, and infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE 147). The PMBCs were evaluated for mRNA expression levels at 24 h and 48 h post infection (p.i.) using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The level of expression of IL-1 beta and MIP1-beta was upregulated (P < 0.001) in the EFAL41+SE (S. Enteritidis + E. faecium AL41) group 48 h p.i. compared to 24 h p.i. Similarly, expression of LITAF was upregulated (P < 0.001) in the EFAL41 + SE group compared to the control (C - no infected) and S. Enteritidis (SE) group 48 h p.i. In PMBCs treated with E. faecium H31 and S. Enteritidis expression of IL-1 beta (P < 0.01) and chemoldnes K60 and MIP1-beta was upregulated (P <0.001) in the EFH31 + SE group 24 h p.i. The iNOS showed upregulated expression (P <0.001) in the EFAL41 + SE group compared to the control 24 h p.i. and to the C and SE groups 48 h p.i. The results showed that E. faecium AL41 demonstrated the highest immunostimulatory effect on expression of selected cytokines by chicken PMBCs after Salmonella infection. It is supposed that the differences in cytokine induction within SE groups are related to lymphocytes isolated from different animals.

Expression of cytokines in chicken peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PMBCs) exposed to probiotic strains and Salmonella Enteritidis