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Simple intravenous administration of a contrast medium for excretion urography was tested in 12 clinically healthy female rats (Rattus norvegicus, Wistar), aged from 3 to 8 months, whose weight ranged from 270 to 320 g. Excretion urography was performed in 6 rats. The rats were sedated with a combination of ketamine (40 mg(.)kg(-1) i.m.) and diazepam (5 mg(.)kg(-1), i.m.). Intravenous administration to vena cephalica antebrachii was used in three rats, and intravenous administration to vena saphena lateralis in nine rats. Meglumine (800 mg I(2)(.)kg(-1)) was used as the contrast medium in two rats while iopamidol (800 mg I(2)(.)kg(-1)) was used in the remaining animals. Administration of iopamidol to v. saphena lateralis proved to be the best choice. Excretion urography was performed at the intervals of 15 sec, 1 min, 5, 10, and 20 min. The rats were also sampled for blood, their urine was subjected to basic tests, and a renal biopsy was taken and histological examination of the kidneys was done. Details of the ureters could be observed between 5 and 10 min after administration (a.a.). Presence of the contrast medium in the urinary bladder could be observed between 1 and 10 min a.a. Details of the urinary bladder could be seen from 5 min a.a. Hydronephrosis was detected in two rats; contrast stagnation was observed in the renal pelvis and in cranial part of the ureter till 20 minutes. The modified excretion urography revealed renal changes in rats exhibiting no clinical signs of disease. The existence of these changes was subsequently confirmed by a post-mortem examination.

Diagnostic Urography of Renal Disorders in Rats