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Konrádová V., L. Vajner, J. Uhlík, J. Zocová: Comparison of the Effect of Aerosols of Saline and Mineral Water on the Tracheal Epithelium . Acta Vet. Brno 2003, 72: 151-156. Ultrastructure of the airway epithelium and character of glycoconjugates produced by secretory cells were studied after 10-min inhalations of saline and mineral water aerosols. Methods of electron microscopy and conventional and lectin histochemistry were used. The results were evaluated quantitatively. The target cells for the function of both aerosols were the goblet cells. These cells were overstimulated and the mechanism of mucus evacuation was accelerated. The exhausted goblet cells mostly took part in further secretory cycles. The cells not entirely filled with secretory granules prevailed in the epithelium. Massive differentiation of new secretory elements caused changes in the secretory cells' distribution. Of the two aerosols, only mineral water induced significant changes in the composition of glycoconjugates in the secretion of goblet cells. Due to administration of saline, the ciliated cells were less damaged. The percentage of altered cilia was significantly lower compared with that after mineral water inhalation. Morphological signs of impaired self-cleaning ability of the airway epithelium were discovered only after mineral water inhalation. From the morphological point of view, administration of saline aerosol is less harmful compared with that of mineral water. Airways, ciliated cells, goblet cells, electron microscopy, lectin histochemistry, inhalation In our preceding study, we demonstrated that single 10-min inhalation of mineral water aerosol overstimulated secretory elements in the tracheal epithelium. Changes in the character of secreted glycoconjugates (GCs) were also recorded ( Konrádová et al. 2001). We therefore decided to investigate also the effect of inhalation of saline aerosol and to compare it with that produced in the epithelium by inhalation of mineral water.