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Effects of environmental conditions and long-term administration of low doses of cadmium on state of health and cumulation in tissues of calves were investigated. A set of 18 calves, kept in an ecologically favourable area, was divided into 3 groups (Groups I-E1 and I-E2 received 1 mg and 2 mg cadmium per animal per day, respectively, Group I-C were controls). Cadmium was administered orally as a cadmium chloride solution for 92 days. Another set of 16 calves, kept in an industrial area, was divided in two groups (Group II-E received 1 mg cadmium per animal per day, Group II-C were controls). Cadmium was administered as given above for 106 days. Three calves of each group (only two calves of Group II-C) were slaughtered at the end of the administration period and hepatic, renal, myocardial, diaphragmatic, skeletal muscular, small intestinal, pancreatic, and testicular samples were collected for the determination of cadmium using the ETA AAS method. Blood samples were also collected during the experiment for the determination of metabolic profiles (total proteins, urea, glucose, aspartate amino transferase [AST], and gamma glutamyl transferase [GGT]). The administration of cadmium had no effect on metabolic profiles. The only observed change was a non-significant increase in AST activity in the exposed calves. The following mean concentrations of cadmium (+/-SD), expressed in mu g . kg(-1) fresh tissue, were found in the groups I-C, I-E1, I-E2, II-C and II-E: kidney 35.2 + /- 7.8, 326.0 +/- 114.5, 385.7 +/- 61.4, 129.4 +/- 6.8, and 1618.7 +/- 393.2, respectively; liver 16.5 +/- 5.6, 113.5 +/- 53.8, 138.4 +/- 32.6, 28.3 +/- 6.4, and 465.3 +/- 141.5, respectively; pancreas 2.6 +/- 0.3, 13.8 +/- 3.6, 20.5 +/- 6.6, 8.0 +/- 0.3, and 57.1 +/- 16.5, respectively; testicle 3.4 +/- 0.6, 8.9 +/- 2.4, 6.8 +/- 0.6, 2.9 +/- 1.4, and 27.2 +/- 0.7, respectively; small intestine 6.1 +/- 1.6, 15.1 +/- 9.5, 31.6 +/- 22.8, 3.8 +/- 3.3, and 17.7 +/- 6.1, respectively; myocardium 0.6 +/- 0.1, 1.7 +/- 1.0, 2.8 +/- 0.4, 0.9 +/- 0.1, and 4.6 +/- 0.2, respectively; diaphragm 0.3 + 0.2, 2.1 +/- 0.7, 3.9 +/- 0.9, 2.4 +/- 1.4, and 3.5 +/- 0.1,respectively; skeletal muscle 0.7 + 0.2, 2.1 +/- 1.0, 2.4 +/- 1.0, 1.1 +/- 0.2, and 3.2 +/- 1.9, respectively. The differences in hepatic, renal, pancreatic and testicular concentrations between the experimental and the appropriate control groups were significant. Except for the small intestine, the tissue concentrations of cadmium were influenced by environmental conditions apparently more than by the administration of cadmium. Chronic exposure to low doses of cadmium had no adverse effect on the state of health.

Effects of Chronic Exposure to Cadmium on State of Health and Cumulation in Tissues of Calves