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C e r v e nyC., V. P Ii r a I: Sesamoid Bones o/the Knee Joint o/the Puma concolor. Acta vet. . Bmo 1995,64:79·82. The sesamoid bones of the knee joint were studied in three cadavers of adult pumas (Pumo concolor), i.e. one female and two males, with regard to the already known and described situation in the.domestic cat, in terms of its occurrence, formation and topographical-anatomical relation to the bones of the knee joint. The cadavers were obtained from zoos as a contribution to our anatomical collections. Following X-ray examinations, the patella, ossa sesamoidea m. gastrocnemii and os sesamoideum m. poplitei were studied after anatomical dissection using classical osteological methods and differential staining of the bone tissue with alizarin. The heart-shaped patella of the puma is relatively wider, shorter and more flattened than that of the cat. Its os sesamoideum m. gastrocnemii laterale is larger than the medial, as is the eat's. The shape of the os sesamoideum m. poplitei resembles a smaller patella and is embedded in the tendomuscular transition of the respective muscle. Oval shadows were observed in the cranial part of the femorotibial articular slit on radiographs in laterornedial projections. Based on this finding and applying the described methods and techniques, in all the examined cases we proved an osseous formation - os menisci medialis - a heterotopic bone showing lamellar osteons after routine histological examinations with HE staining. Our findings can be employed in comparative anatomy and in clinical practice, particularly when assessing radiographs of the knee region of the Puma concolor. Puma concolor, knee joint, ossa sesamoidea The knee joint is a very important junction of the stylopodium and zeugopodium in mammals. Strong and long muscles pass over this joint, and many supportive sesamoid bones have developed. In mammals it is regularly the patella, and in some also the ossa sesamoidea m. gastrocnemii and os sesamoideum m. poplitei. H abe r m e h 1 (1960) and Pre u s s (1970) suggested that these sesamoid bones around the joints or cartilaginous formations, such as corpora sesamoidea, have developed due to the increased pressure of tendons on the surface of the articular capsule during muscular activity. Rom mer and Par son s (1983) range these osseous formations among heterotopic bones. E 11 e n b erg e rand B au m (1891), Pea r son and D a v in (1921), B a um andZi e t s chmann (1936), Kol da (1942), B aro ne (1960), N i c k e 1 • S c hum mer - S e i fer 1 e (1977) and others all reported that these bones occur regularly in domestic carnivores as given above. In the domestic cat they were described byRei ghard tand) enning s (1930), Pro s ee(1984), Mc earth y - Wood (1987) and K 0 n i g (1992). No literature data were found about sesamoid bones in the region of the knee joint in other felids. Ret t ere r (1918) studied the dorsal sesamoid bones of the digits in the lion and cat, and M 0 r i t z (1960) the suprapatellar and parapatellar cartilages of the knee joint in the cat. P fit z n e r (1892), S tie d a (1902) and K old a (1936) described the irregular occurrence of sesamoid bones in addition to the patella in the human knee. On radiographs of the knee joint of the Puma concolor we found, besides the heterotopic parts of the skeleton bound to the articular capsule, a small oval shadow in the clearing of the femorotibial slit of the joint. Similar formations were described in the menisci of the knee

Sesamoid Bones of the Knee Joint of the Puma concolor