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Articular cartilage collected from the femoral heads of 5 adult pigs of both sexes, aged 14-24 months, was studied by light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Chondrocytes of the surface layer were oval in shape and sent out short projections into the surrounding pericellular matrix. Their cytoplasm contained numerous lysosomes, transport vacuoles, centrioles and a well-formed Golgi apparatus and small deposits of glycogen. They were arranged in rows or tiers. Chondrocytes of the middle layer were oval cells enclosed by pairs in lacunae. Their nuclei had 1 - 2 nucleoli of reticular type. The zonula nucleum limitans was well developed. The cytoplasm contained a large number of mitochondria, cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, a large Golgi field, numerous transport vacuoles, lysosomes and conspicuous glycogen deposits. In the transitional zone, chondrocytes were arranged in tiers perpendicular to the surface. They were smaller in size and the cytoplasm contained, apart from the typical organelles, large bundles of intermediate filaments. Chondrocytes of the deep layer could be distinguished into those characterized by conspicuously large lipid vacuoles and those with homogeneous cytoplasm and small glycogen deposits. The pericellular matrix was well developed in the majority of chondrocytes; in the regions where it was missing the cell membrane was in contact with the intercellular matrix. In the middle layer, cell detritus was seen at the border between pericellular and intercellular matrix

The Submicroscopic Structure of Articular Cartilage in the Adult pig